Military · Geopolitical

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'All we wanted was to bury him': How a Gaza family struggled to recover their dead son

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'All we wanted was to bury him': How a Gaza family struggled to recover their dead son Submitted by Maha Hussaini on Tue, 07/21/2026 - 12:55 As Israel's ‘Yellow Line’ cuts across the Strip, relatives say loved ones killed near the military zone are left beyond reach for days or even months Mourners weep next to the body of one of the Palestinians killed in an Israeli air strike in Gaza City on 21 July 2026 (Omar al-Qattaa/AFP) Off When Muhammed Abu Khammash disappeared, his family feared the worst. The 29-year-old Palestinian father of three had lived with severe mental illness for years. Since Israel 's genocide in Gaza began in October 2023, his condition had deteriorated dramatically. Afraid he would wander into one of the enclave's increasingly dangerous areas, relatives took turns staying by his side. One day, he slipped away. He never returned. "As soon as I realised he was gone, I searched everywhere for him," his father, Oda Abu Khammash, told Middle East Eye. "I shared his photograph across social media and begged people to contact me if they found him. " Three days later, the family received devastating news. "I was told he had gone towards the Yellow Line, where the Israeli army fired a shell at him and killed him. " Since the October ceasefire, the Gaza Strip has effectively been divided into areas with vastly different levels of access and control. There is no ceasefire in Gaza Read More » The so-called Yellow Line, introduced on 10 October, became the main reference point for the areas where Israeli forces remained deployed. Covering more than 60 percent of Gaza’s territory, the line has in practice confined the majority of Palestinians to a limited area where population density and humanitarian needs have intensified. Israeli forces later installed yellow concrete markers along sections of the boundary, including in places that appeared to extend beyond the original line. Palestinians who approach or attempt to cross the line are routinely shot by Israeli forces. Scores have been killed along the line since the ceasefire took effect. Because the area has been declared off limits, many families have been unable to recover relatives killed near or beyond the line, leaving bodies stranded for weeks or even months. While families, journalists and humanitarian organisations have documented dozens of cases, the true scale remains unknown. Muhammed was one of them, where his body remained out of reach for days. Mental health deteriorates According to Oda, Muhammed had lived with psychosis for years, suffering from paranoia, delusions and constant suspicion of those around him. "Before the war, we used to take him to the Gaza Community Mental Health Centre whenever he experienced an episode," Oda said. 'He kept praying for his own death and repeatedly tried to head towards the Yellow Line' - Oda Abu Khammash, Palestinian father "He would stay there for between two weeks and a month, where doctors cared for him and closely monitored his condition. " After the war began, however, relentless bombardment and repeated attacks on hospitals made treatment impossible. Instead, the family cared for Muhammed inside the displacement tents where they were living. But keeping him safe became increasingly difficult. He repeatedly tried to return to the family's destroyed home in eastern Deir al-Balah. "I had to stay with him all the time, but I wasn't the only one," Oda said. "Nine members of the family took turns watching him to stop him wandering into dangerous areas. "Before the war, his episodes usually lasted no more than a month. This time they continued for months. " Palestinians launch #TheyLiedtoYou campaign to debunk Gaza 'ceasefire' narrative Read More » Muhammed's condition worsened further after his younger brother, Osama, was killed in August 2025. According to Oda, Osama had been helping secure humanitarian aid for an orphanage when he was killed in an Israeli air strike. "After Osama was killed, Muhammed couldn't cope," he said. "He kept praying for his own death and repeatedly tried to head towards the Yellow Line, saying he wanted to avenge his brother. "He constantly called out Osama's name. He never accepted that his brother was gone and kept going out to look for him, as though he were still alive. " Just four months earlier, the family had suffered another devastating loss. Muhammed's younger brother, Marwan, 20, was killed by Israeli forces while trying to collect flour for the family during Gaza's hunger crisis. Locating the body After learning of Muhammed's death, the family began trying to recover his body. With access to the area heavily restricted and information scarce, they turned to people with contacts inside the Israeli-backed militias operating along the Yellow Line. Members of the militias located the spot where Muhammed had been killed, but said they could not retrieve his body without the Israeli army's approval. Palestinians living along the 'Yellow Line' endure daily Israeli attacks Read More » The militias are armed groups operating in Israeli-controlled parts of Gaza with Israeli backing. In June 2025, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu publicly acknowledged that Israel had "activated" armed groups in Gaza to undermine Hamas and disrupt public order. The militias have been accused of a wide range of abuses against Palestinians, including killing and abducting civilians, as well as looting humanitarian aid. Some groups have also sought to portray themselves as providing assistance, occasionally helping civilians before encouraging them to post videos on social media expressing their gratitude. According to Oda, militia members told him the Israeli army had refused to allow them to recover Muhammed's body. "All we wanted was to bring my son's body home so we could bury him with dignity," he said. Despite the uncertainty, relatives and neighbours dug a grave in anticipation of his burial. "The grave remained open for days because we couldn't retrieve his body. " A mother's search For nine days, Muhammed's body lay exposed where he had been killed. "When every attempt failed, my wife lost all sense of fear," Oda said. "She couldn't sleep and kept saying, 'I'll go and bring him back myself. ' She entered the area, and the Israeli army almost shot her. " Holding a white flag, she walked towards the Yellow Line day after day. 'She told them, "If you want to shoot me, then shoot me. I'm not leaving until I bring back my son's body. ''' - Oda Abu Khammash "For at least two days, she left at dawn to search for him and returned only after sunset to a relative's house near the Yellow Line," Oda said. In a Facebook post written during the search, Oda described his wife's anguish. "I haven't seen her for two days. Before that, I avoided seeing her so she wouldn't ask me: 'What kind of life is this that we have, and what meaning does it hold? ' I am tired of being pitied. " On the final day of her search, an Israeli quadcopter flew overhead. Through its loudspeaker, an Israeli officer ordered her to turn back, warning that soldiers would open fire if she continued. "My wife refused," Oda said. "She told them, 'If you want to shoot me, then shoot me. I'm not leaving until I bring back my son's body. '" Unable to find Muhammed's remains, she eventually returned empty-handed. Nine days after he was killed, coordination between the militias and the Israeli army finally allowed the body to be recovered. "The militias retrieved Muhammed's remains, and we were finally able to lay him to rest," Oda said. Photographs shared by local journalists showed Muhammed's mother clutching a black plastic bag containing what appeared to be her son's remains, which had badly decomposed after days of exposure. Middle East Eye could not independently verify the contents of the bag. "I don't exaggerate when I say the ordeal of recovering him was even harder than losing him," Oda said. Israel's genocide in Gaza Gaza City, occupied Palestine News Post Date Override 0 Update Date Mon, 05/04/2020 - 21:19 Update Date Override 0

Military · Geopolitical

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Israeli troops opens fire near Lebanese army in pilot zones

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Israeli troops opens fire near Lebanese army in pilot zones Israeli troops fired near Lebanese soldiers during the Lebanese army's deployment into one of the pilot zones, the Lebanese military said in a statement. "While the military units were deploying into Zawtar al-Gharbiya, the Israeli occupation forces opened fire near these units," the army said. "This offence would impede the deployment into the pilot zones," the statement added.

Military · Geopolitical

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Ukraine plunges into political crisis as anger over defence minister's dismissal grows

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Street protests were held for a fifth day on July 19 in Ukraine, over the firing of Defense Minister Mykhailo Fedorov. Fedorov was dismissed following frequent clashes with top Army general Oleksandr Syrsky, sparking indignation particularly among young Ukrainians, who credit the tech-savvy 35-year old Fedorov with innovative drone tactics that have given Ukraine new battlefield momentum against the Russian invasion. Fedorov has publicly blamed the 60-year-old Syrsky for his ouster. President Volodymyr Zelensky is now seeking to defuse the mounting political crisis and restore unity to the country's military.

Military · Geopolitical

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Taiwan opens door to Starlink – but now it must wait to see if Elon Musk is ready to enter

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Taiwan has cleared the way for overseas satellite internet providers such as Starlink to operate on the island – a move analysts said could strengthen military and civilian communications if conventional networks were disrupted in a conflict with mainland China. The... On Tuesday, the island’s legislature approved an amendment to the Telecommunications Management Act that would exempt satellite communications operators from foreign ownership caps and the requirement to have a Taiwanese chair.

Military · Geopolitical

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Smotrich says US fighting Iran is ‘best for us’ and Israel will not join

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Smotrich says US fighting Iran is ‘best for us’ and Israel will not join Submitted by Elis Gjevori on Tue, 07/21/2026 - 11:25 Finance minister says the war serves Israeli interests while American troops and households bear its mounting costs Bezalel Smotrich speaks during a a press conference near the settlement of Maale Adumim, in the occupied West Bank, on 14 August, 2025 (AFP/Menahem Kahana) Off Israel’s far-right finance minister, Bezalel Smotrich, has described the renewed US war on Iran as the ideal outcome for Israel, provided Israelis do not have to fight it themselves. "Israel has no interest in joining the campaign - the current situation is the best for us," Smotrich said on Tuesday in comments carried by Kan news. He delivered the remarks at the Katif Conference for National Responsibility, an annual gathering promoting the return of illegal Israeli settlements to Gaza. Smotrich has repeatedly called for Israel to occupy the enclave, impose military rule and establish settlements there while calling for the ethnic cleansing of Palestinians. Israel and the US started the war with coordinated attacks on Iran on 28 February, after Israel lobbied Washington into the conflict, prompting Tehran to retaliate against US military assets across the region. The war was renewed earlier this month with the US striking Iranian targets and Iran hitting US assets across the region. Israel has so far not joined in the fighting. Smotrich nevertheless made clear that Israel still wants the war to deliver its strategic objectives. "[We] must remember that the ultimate goal of Israel, and not necessarily the United States, is to undermine and weaken the regime in Iran - to the point of overthrowing it. " He argued that destroying Iran’s economy offered the most effective route towards that goal. "Currently, inflation in Iran is at 85 percent, food inflation of over 134 percent in a total of four months, and the Iranian rial is trading at an exchange rate of 1.9 million to the dollar - and it's going up," he said. Smotrich then returned to the central message that Israel should not enter the renewed war saying that "the current situation is good for us, and there's no point in pushing ourselves inward". Cost of US war on Iran rising Washington and Tehran signed a 14-point memorandum on 17 June to terminate military operations and begin 60 days of negotiations. Israeli officials opposed the agreement and pushed for the campaign to continue. Israel than sought to derail the agreement by continuing its attacks on Lebanon, despite the halting of those attacks being the agreement’s first provision. Israeli general praises illegal outposts driving Palestinian ethnic cleansing Read More » Earlier this month, US Vice President JD Vance said figures within the Israeli government had sought to pull Washington away from diplomacy and deeper into war with Iran. “You have seen this very discreet, extremely well-funded campaign to try to derail the negotiation and try to derail the deal,” he told the Joe Rogan podacst. Israel may now consider the renewed war “good” for itself, but Americans are paying in blood and treasure. Seventeen US military personnel have been killed, at least 420 wounded and one remains missing. The Iran War Cost Tracker has estimated that the war has cost US taxpayers more than $100bn by 16 June, when it last published an estimate. According to Brown University’s Iran War Energy Cost Tracker, American households had also paid more than $71bn in additional fuel costs - about $544 per household. With the war continuing, those costs are likely to be significantly higher now. War on Iran News Post Date Override 0 Update Date Mon, 05/04/2020 - 21:19 Update Date Override 0

Military · Geopolitical

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What can China learn from the US sea drone strike on an Iranian submarine base?

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Chinese military analysts are urging the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to rapidly strengthen harbour defences after the United States carried out its first combat strike using unmanned surface vessels (USVs) to destroy an Iranian submarine. US Central Command released footage on July 13 of what it said was the first combat use of American sea drones. Three vessels were shown striking an Iranian base, reportedly destroying one Ghadir-class midget submarine. The Iranian-made submarine has an...

Military · Geopolitical

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Palestinians launch #TheyLiedtoYou campaign to debunk Gaza 'ceasefire' narrative

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Palestinians launch #TheyLiedtoYou campaign to debunk Gaza 'ceasefire' narrative Submitted by Dalia Anis on Tue, 07/21/2026 - 10:46 Activists and concerned social media users spotlight Israel's ongoing genocide in the besieged enclave Screenshot from digital campaign under the hashtag #TheyLiedtoYou (X/@SalmJwdt40203) Off On 16 July, activists launched a digital campaign under the hashtag "They Lied to You" to refocus global attention on Israel' s ongoing genocide of Palestinians in Gaza and to challenge the perception that the October 2025 ceasefire agreement brought Israel's military attacks on the besieged strip to an end. The campaign, which has gone globally viral on X and Instagram under both the English (#TheyLiedToYou) and Arabic (#كذبوا_عليكم) hashtags, began in Gaza, where Palestinians are sharing live footage of continued bombardments, systematic starvation, and disease to show that Gaza’s crisis has only deepened as Israeli attacks continue. “They tricked you that the war is over… war didn’t end, it only ended on your screens. In reality, the people of Gaza are being killed, displaced, their homes are being destroyed,” said Gaza journalist Hani Aburezeq in a video posted on Instagram. View this post on Instagram A post shared by هاني أبورزق hani aburezeq (@hani. aburezeq) One X user, reponding to a post about a Palestinian child in Gaza who lost his whole family to an Israeli strike said: “They lied to you.. Gaza is being slaughtered in silence before the eyes of the world, which also watches in silence. "Gaza is not outside the tragedy but outside the coverage, deliberately marginalised by the media. pic. ” كذبوا عليكم!! twitter. com/R05VHu1pFs — MO (@Abu_Salah9) July 17, 2026 “They lied to you. There are massacres happening… there are strikes everyday,” said a young child from Gaza. Gaza's government media office said on Sunday that Israel had commited 3,795 violations of the nominal ceasefire agreement since October. Israel has killed at least 1,168 Palestinians in Gaza since the ceasefire agreement went into effect in October. Online, social media users are sharing footage of the destruction of Gaza, echoing the cries of the people in Gaza that destruction envelops the strip. They lied to you: there is no “ceasefire” in Gaza: here are the hashtags: #TheyLiedToYou #they_lied_to_you #كذبوا_عليكم | @warfareanalysis pic. twitter. com/iaYO0DzQzE — Sarah Wilkinson (@swilkinsonbc) July 18, 2026 Others pointed to the month-long Fifa World Cup, which they say diverted international attention away from the ongoing genocide. “They created for you a spectacle to divert your attention away from the tragedy,” said an X user. كذبوا عليكم وقالوا لكم إن الحرب انتهت صنعوا لكم ملهاة تلفت أنظاركم بعيدًا عن المأساة ومازالت غزة تحت القصف pic. com/Kt9KmmmTMx — Khaled Safi خالد صافي (@KhaledSafi) July 19, 2026 At least two Palestinians were killed and 16 others, mostly children, were wounded in an Israeli attack on Monday targeting al-Yaman al-Saeed hospital in the Jabalia refugee camp in northern Gaza, Wafa news reported, citing local sources. Medical sources also told Wafa that a Palestinian was killed in another Israeli strike on an electric bike opposite the al-Zawaida area in the central Gaza Strip. At least 73,293 Palestinians have been killed and 173,96 wounded in Israeli attacks across Gaza since 7 October 2023, the enclave's health ministry said on Tuesday. Thousands more are missing and presumed dead. Israel's genocide in Gaza Trending Post Date Override 0 Update Date Mon, 05/04/2020 - 21:29 Update Date Override 0

Military · Geopolitical

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Iran hits US bases in Bahrain, Kuwait and Jordan after 10 nights of US attacks

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Iran hits US bases in Bahrain, Kuwait and Jordan after 10 nights of US attacks Submitted by Elis Gjevori on Tue, 07/21/2026 - 09:46 Tehran targeted US radar and air defence systems as two tankers were hit after entering routes not authorised by Iran A screen grab released on 16 July by Iran's Revolutionary Guards Sepah News website shows a missile being launched from an undisclosed location towards US targets (AFP) Off The US has completed its 10th consecutive night of attacks on Iran, widening the war it launched alongside Israel on 28 February, as Tehran retaliated against US military bases across the region and two vessels came under attack in the Strait of Hormuz. US Central Command said the latest bombardment lasted about five hours and ended at 9pm eastern time on Monday. American forces struck Iranian military command centres, missile and drone launch sites, maritime capabilities and air defence systems. The renewed assault marks a continuation of the Israel-US war that began with coordinated attacks on Iran on 28 February. Washington and Tehran signed a memorandum of understanding on 17 June declaring an “immediate and permanent termination” of military operations. The agreement also required the US to end its naval blockade and opened a 60-day window for negotiations. Washington subsequently sought to reinterpret the agreement’s provisions on control of the Strait of Hormuz and failed to stop Israel from continuing its attacks on Lebanon, despite halting those attacks being the agreement’s first provision. On 8 July, Trump declared the agreement dead, resumed US attacks and restored the blockade of Iran. Tehran responded by closing the strait again and resuming strikes on US military bases across the region. Iran strikes regional US bases Overnight Iran announced that it has struck military installations across Bahrain, Kuwait and Jordan. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) said it destroyed a US air defence system and radar installations in Bahrain’s Muharraq area. 'Enough is enough. End this war' - Chuck Schumer, House Democrat leader In a statement carried by Iran’s IRIB broadcaster, the IRGC said a coordinated missile and drone attack also destroyed a Patriot system in Al-Riffa. Iran’s army separately told Fars that drones had struck the Sheikh Isa military base, a key facility used by the US Navy’s Fifth Fleet. It said operations would continue until “the enemy is deterred from continuing its attacks on the country”. In Kuwait, the IRGC said its forces struck US radar, telecommunications, satellite and missile defence infrastructure at the Ahmed Al-Jaber and Ali Al Salem airbases. An Iranian woman holds Iran's national flag in front of a huge anti-US billboard referring to the death of US senator Lindsey Graham at Valiasr Square in Tehran on July 19, 2026. (Atta Kenare/AFP) Tasnim also carried an Iranian army statement saying its forces hit buildings and antennas at Camp Arifjan, a helicopter area at Camp Al-Adiri and troop accommodation at Ahmed Al-Jaber. “Security in the region has been disrupted following the mischief of US terrorist forces, and the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic are attempting to restore security and calm to the region in their battle against the US,” the statement added. The IRGC also said it destroyed a missile defence radar and an F-15 fighter jet inside a shelter during an attack on a US military base in Jordan. Tehran said the operation sought to remove radar coverage ahead of wider missile and drone attacks. Pressure grows in Washington A Iranian military source told the semi-official Fars news agency that Iran would keep the Strait of Hormuz closed while US attacks continued. “The Strait of Hormuz is in full control of the Iranian armed forces,” the source was quoted as saying. “Any decision to reopen or continue restrictions on this passageway will be made solely based on security considerations and national interests, and this situation will not change as long as US threats and hostile actions continue. ” Iran ready to 'welcome' US ground invasion as tit-for-tat attacks continue Read More » The IRGC also said explosions caused “massive fires” aboard two tankers that attempted to use what it described as an unsafe southern route through the waterway close to Oman. Rescue teams began evacuating their crews. “It is obvious that as long as America’s evils continue in the region, the Strait of Hormuz will be closed, and not even a drop of oil, gas, or a package of chemical fertiliser will be exported from the region,” it added. US Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer called for the war to end and said Democrats would force another vote on halting military operations. “Every second Trump prolongs his war in Iran is another second our service members remain in danger,” Schumer wrote on X. Senate Democrats will “force Senate Republicans to take another vote to end this war and bring our troops home,” he said. “Enough is enough. End this war,” he added. Oil prices dipped amid reports of new mediation efforts. Brent crude fell 0.4 percent to $88.87 a barrel, while US West Texas Intermediate crude for September stood at $82.47. War on Iran News Post Date Override 0 Update Date Mon, 05/04/2020 - 21:19 Update Date Override 0

Military · Geopolitical

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General Ghalibaf's gamble: An IRGC veteran takes on Iran’s hardliners to pursue diplomacy

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General Ghalibaf's gamble: An IRGC veteran takes on Iran’s hardliners to pursue diplomacy Submitted by MEE correspondent on Tue, 07/21/2026 - 09:35 Mohammad Ghalibaf has undergone a striking evolution, the infamous 'jihadist manager' now championing talks with the US despite his own conservative camp’s opposition Iran’s Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, dressed in an IRGC uniform, chairs a session in Tehran on 1 February 2026 (Islamic Consultative Assembly News Agency/AFP/HO) Off Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Iran 's parliament speaker and chief negotiator in talks with the United States, is facing perhaps the greatest political test of his career. A lifelong conservative and former Revolutionary Guard commander, he is trying to steer the Islamic Republic out of its confrontation with Washington through diplomacy, while fending off fierce attacks from hardliners who accuse him of abandoning Iran's strategic leverage. A senior political source who spoke to Middle East Eye on condition of anonymity described Ghalibaf as a conservative pragmatist who favours repairing relations with the West while preserving Iran's strategic partnership with China. "His foreign policy instincts resemble those of [former moderate president] Hassan Rouhani," the source said, "but unlike Rouhani, Ghalibaf is careful not to alienate the Islamic Republic's conservative base. " According to the source, the current supreme leader, Mojtaba Khamenei, shares to some extent that strategic outlook, which has helped cement their alliance. "If they didn't have the same visions and mindset, their alliance wouldn't have lasted this much," the source said, adding that Ghalibaf's relationship with Mojtaba Khamenei has steadily deepened since the early 2000s. "They gradually became a political team," the source said, pointing to rare public appearances in which the two were photographed sitting beside one another during previous Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei's speeches. ‘[Mohammad Ghalibaf and Mojtaba Khamenei] gradually became a political team’ - A senior political source According to the source, this partnership has helped Ghalibaf to withstand the growing hardline backlash since the start of the negotiations he is conducting with the US. "Following the first round of talks with the United States in Islamabad, hardline figures appealed to Mojtaba, accusing Ghalibaf of crossing Iran's red lines," they said. The effort failed, the source added, with Mojtaba continuing to back Ghalibaf and later appointing him as the Islamic Republic's special representative to China, an appointment that testifies to the considerable support Ghalibaf receives from the new leader. Pillar of Iran’s security establishment Ghalibaf's military and political trajectory did not, however, predestine him to attract the wrath of conservatives by attempting to find a diplomatic solution to the war launched by the US and Israel at the end of February. A veteran of the Iran- Iraq War, Ghalibaf joined the newly established Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in his early twenties and fought on the front lines, where he lost his brother. His battlefield record accelerated his rise through the military ranks, and by the 1990s he had held several senior IRGC positions before being appointed commander of the IRGC Air Force. One defining episode of his military career came during the July 1999 student protests, when security forces violently dispersed demonstrations triggered by the closure of the reformist newspaper Salam. As commander of the IRGC Air Force, Ghalibaf was among 24 senior IRGC commanders who signed a strongly worded letter warning then-President Mohammad Khatami against tolerating further unrest. Ghalibaf later revealed that he and the late IRGC Quds Force commander Qassem Soleimani drafted the letter and gathered the signatures. A year later, at just 39, he was appointed chief of Iran's Law Enforcement Forces (Naja), becoming one of the country's youngest senior security officials. He later headed Iran's Anti-Smuggling Headquarters under President Khatami. What the Iran-Iraq war taught today’s Iranian leaders - and why that matters Read More » During his tenure as police chief, Ghalibaf championed modernisation efforts, including equipping the force with imported vehicles, a move he later described as one of his key achievements. Ghalibaf subsequently shifted from military to electoral politics, launching three presidential campaigns. He was defeated in 2005 and 2013 and withdrew in favour of Ebrahim Raisi in 2017 to consolidate the conservative vote. According to a political source who spoke to MEE on condition of anonymity, Ghalibaf had intended to run in the disputed 2009 presidential election but was asked by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei not to enter the race. The source said Ghalibaf instead made his campaign infrastructure available to reformist candidate Mir-Hossein Mousavi in his challenge against incumbent Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who was opposed by other conservatives. Ghalibaf’s close connection to Soleimani also shaped his political trajectory. According to a conservative source familiar with the relationship, Soleimani privately backed Ghalibaf's 2013 presidential bid. This was a highly unusual intervention by the late IRGC Quds Force commander, who generally avoided domestic politics. The source said the two men were so close that they lived in the same residential building in Tehran for a period. Throughout his political career, Ghalibaf has repeatedly reinvented his public image. In his first presidential campaign, he emphasised his academic credentials and experience as a pilot. In subsequent campaigns, however, he branded himself as a "jihadist manager"- a term in Iranian political discourse that refers to a hands-on, revolutionary-style administrator focused on efficiency and execution. His military background nevertheless remained central to his public identity. During the 2013 presidential debates, his moderate rival Hassan Rouhani memorably contrasted their approaches by declaring: "I am not a colonel; I am a lawyer," portraying himself as a diplomat rather than a security figure. After his first presidential defeat in 2005, Ghalibaf was elected mayor of Tehran, serving for 12 years and becoming the longest-serving mayor in the capital's history. Reformists’ support Despite his conservative credentials, Ghalibaf has become one of the principal targets of Iran's hardline camp. According to senior political sources, he frequently clashed with the late conservative President Ebrahim Raisi on major policy issues, while media outlets aligned with Raisi repeatedly attacked him. The influential Paydari (Endurance) Front has also emerged as one of his fiercest critics. As Iran and the United States moved toward a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) aimed at ending the war, opposition from hardline factions spilled into the streets. Demonstrators gathered in Tehran and Mashhad to denounce the proposed agreement and accuse Ghalibaf and Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi of betraying the country. ‘The country needs a deal so it can survive and return to a path of economic development’ - A reformist activist backing Ghalibaf At a rally in Tehran's Ibn Sina Square, protesters chanted: "Araghchi, have some shame, leave the country alone," and "Ghalibaf, Araghchi, what about the blood of my leader? " Others demanded that both men resign. Mahmoud Nabavian, deputy chairman of the parliament's National Security and Foreign Policy Committee, publicly read what he claimed was the text of the proposed memorandum and condemned several of its provisions. The IRGC-affiliated newspaper Javan warned that political disagreements were spilling into the streets, while the conservative Kayhan daily’s editor Hossein Shariatmadari accused Ghalibaf and Araghchi of surrendering one of Iran's most important strategic assets by agreeing not to close the Strait of Hormuz. Amirhossein Sabeti, a lawmaker closely aligned with the Paydari Front, claimed that Mojtaba Khamenei's views had been ignored during the Islamabad negotiations and rejected what he described as "fake unity". After hostilities resumed in July, marking the collapse of the MoU signed on 17 June, Sabeti intensified his criticism, writing that Ghalibaf and President Masoud Pezeshkian should either deliver on their promises that negotiations would end the war and lift sanctions or admit that their strategy had failed. Meanwhile, in an unexpected political shift, reformists who have long been among Ghalibaf's critics have publicly backed his negotiating efforts. Entekhab, a leading reformist outlet, quoted a university professor as saying: "Mr Ghalibaf, move forward. The whole society is behind you. Do not worry about a minority. " A reformist activist who spoke to MEE on condition of anonymity said the decision to support Ghalibaf was driven by a belief that Iran needs to move beyond confrontation and reach an agreement with the US. "The country needs a deal so it can survive and return to a path of economic development," the activist said. The campaign against Ghalibaf underscores a remarkable political transformation. Once regarded as one of the Islamic Republic's most prominent security commanders, he now finds himself leading an effort to resolve one of Iran's gravest confrontations through diplomacy - and facing some of the fiercest resistance from within his own conservative camp. The shift also highlights one of the paradoxes of Ghalibaf's current position: the same figure who once stood on the side of the security establishment during clashes with reformists is now receiving support from that camp because of his efforts to pursue diplomacy with Washington. War on Iran Tehran News Post Date Override 0 Update Date Mon, 05/04/2020 - 21:19 Update Date Override 0

Military · Geopolitical

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General Ghalibaf's gamble: An IRGC veteran takes on Iran’s hardliners to pursue diplomacy

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General Ghalibaf's gamble: An IRGC veteran takes on Iran’s hardliners to pursue diplomacy Submitted by MEE correspondent on Tue, 07/21/2026 - 09:35 Mohammad Ghalibaf has undergone a striking evolution, the infamous 'jihadist manager' now championing talks with the US despite his own conservative camp’s opposition Iran’s Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, dressed in an IRGC uniform, chairs a session in Tehran on 1 February 2026 (Islamic Consultative Assembly News Agency/AFP/HO) Off Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Iran 's parliament speaker and chief negotiator in talks with the United States, is facing perhaps the greatest political test of his career. A lifelong conservative and former Revolutionary Guard commander, he is trying to steer the Islamic Republic out of its confrontation with Washington through diplomacy, while fending off fierce attacks from hardliners who accuse him of abandoning Iran's strategic leverage. A senior political source who spoke to Middle East Eye on condition of anonymity described Ghalibaf as a conservative pragmatist who favours repairing relations with the West while preserving Iran's strategic partnership with China. "His foreign policy instincts resemble those of [former moderate president] Hassan Rouhani," the source said, "but unlike Rouhani, Ghalibaf is careful not to alienate the Islamic Republic's conservative base. " According to the source, the current supreme leader, Mojtaba Khamenei, shares to some extent that strategic outlook, which has helped cement their alliance. "If they didn't have the same visions and mindset, their alliance wouldn't have lasted this much," the source said, adding that Ghalibaf's relationship with Mojtaba Khamenei has steadily deepened since the early 2000s. "They gradually became a political team," the source said, pointing to rare public appearances in which the two were photographed sitting beside one another during previous Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei's speeches. ‘[Mohammad Ghalibaf and Mojtaba Khamenei] gradually became a political team’ - A senior political source According to the source, this partnership has helped Ghalibaf to withstand the growing hardline backlash since the start of the negotiations he is conducting with the US. "Following the first round of talks with the United States in Islamabad, hardline figures appealed to Mojtaba, accusing Ghalibaf of crossing Iran's red lines," they said. The effort failed, the source added, with Mojtaba continuing to back Ghalibaf and later appointing him as the Islamic Republic's special representative to China, an appointment that testifies to the considerable support Ghalibaf receives from the new leader. Pillar of Iran’s security establishment Ghalibaf's military and political trajectory did not, however, predestine him to attract the wrath of conservatives by attempting to find a diplomatic solution to the war launched by the US and Israel at the end of February. A veteran of the Iran- Iraq War, Ghalibaf joined the newly established Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in his early twenties and fought on the front lines, where he lost his brother. His battlefield record accelerated his rise through the military ranks, and by the 1990s he had held several senior IRGC positions before being appointed commander of the IRGC Air Force. One defining episode of his military career came during the July 1999 student protests, when security forces violently dispersed demonstrations triggered by the closure of the reformist newspaper Salam. As commander of the IRGC Air Force, Ghalibaf was among 24 senior IRGC commanders who signed a strongly worded letter warning then-President Mohammad Khatami against tolerating further unrest. Ghalibaf later revealed that he and the late IRGC Quds Force commander Qassem Soleimani drafted the letter and gathered the signatures. A year later, at just 39, he was appointed chief of Iran's Law Enforcement Forces (Naja), becoming one of the country's youngest senior security officials. He later headed Iran's Anti-Smuggling Headquarters under President Khatami. What the Iran-Iraq war taught today’s Iranian leaders - and why that matters Read More » During his tenure as police chief, Ghalibaf championed modernisation efforts, including equipping the force with imported vehicles, a move he later described as one of his key achievements. Ghalibaf subsequently shifted from military to electoral politics, launching three presidential campaigns. He was defeated in 2005 and 2013 and withdrew in favour of Ebrahim Raisi in 2017 to consolidate the conservative vote. According to a political source who spoke to MEE on condition of anonymity, Ghalibaf had intended to run in the disputed 2009 presidential election but was asked by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei not to enter the race. The source said Ghalibaf instead made his campaign infrastructure available to reformist candidate Mir-Hossein Mousavi in his challenge against incumbent Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who was opposed by other conservatives. Ghalibaf’s close connection to Soleimani also shaped his political trajectory. According to a conservative source familiar with the relationship, Soleimani privately backed Ghalibaf's 2013 presidential bid. This was a highly unusual intervention by the late IRGC Quds Force commander, who generally avoided domestic politics. The source said the two men were so close that they lived in the same residential building in Tehran for a period. Throughout his political career, Ghalibaf has repeatedly reinvented his public image. In his first presidential campaign, he emphasised his academic credentials and experience as a pilot. In subsequent campaigns, however, he branded himself as a "jihadist manager"- a term in Iranian political discourse that refers to a hands-on, revolutionary-style administrator focused on efficiency and execution. His military background nevertheless remained central to his public identity. During the 2013 presidential debates, his moderate rival Hassan Rouhani memorably contrasted their approaches by declaring: "I am not a colonel; I am a lawyer," portraying himself as a diplomat rather than a security figure. After his first presidential defeat in 2005, Ghalibaf was elected mayor of Tehran, serving for 12 years and becoming the longest-serving mayor in the capital's history. Reformists’ support Despite his conservative credentials, Ghalibaf has become one of the principal targets of Iran's hardline camp. According to senior political sources, he frequently clashed with the late conservative President Ebrahim Raisi on major policy issues, while media outlets aligned with Raisi repeatedly attacked him. The influential Paydari (Endurance) Front has also emerged as one of his fiercest critics. As Iran and the United States moved toward a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) aimed at ending the war, opposition from hardline factions spilled into the streets. Demonstrators gathered in Tehran and Mashhad to denounce the proposed agreement and accuse Ghalibaf and Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi of betraying the country. ‘The country needs a deal so it can survive and return to a path of economic development’ - A reformist activist backing Ghalibaf At a rally in Tehran's Ibn Sina Square, protesters chanted: "Araghchi, have some shame, leave the country alone," and "Ghalibaf, Araghchi, what about the blood of my leader? " Others demanded that both men resign. Mahmoud Nabavian, deputy chairman of the parliament's National Security and Foreign Policy Committee, publicly read what he claimed was the text of the proposed memorandum and condemned several of its provisions. The IRGC-affiliated newspaper Javan warned that political disagreements were spilling into the streets, while the conservative Kayhan daily’s editor Hossein Shariatmadari accused Ghalibaf and Araghchi of surrendering one of Iran's most important strategic assets by agreeing not to close the Strait of Hormuz. Amirhossein Sabeti, a lawmaker closely aligned with the Paydari Front, claimed that Mojtaba Khamenei's views had been ignored during the Islamabad negotiations and rejected what he described as "fake unity". After hostilities resumed in July, marking the collapse of the MoU signed on 17 June, Sabeti intensified his criticism, writing that Ghalibaf and President Masoud Pezeshkian should either deliver on their promises that negotiations would end the war and lift sanctions or admit that their strategy had failed. Meanwhile, in an unexpected political shift, reformists who have long been among Ghalibaf's critics have publicly backed his negotiating efforts. Entekhab, a leading reformist outlet, quoted a university professor as saying: "Mr Ghalibaf, move forward. The whole society is behind you. Do not worry about a minority. " A reformist activist who spoke to MEE on condition of anonymity said the decision to support Ghalibaf was driven by a belief that Iran needs to move beyond confrontation and reach an agreement with the US. "The country needs a deal so it can survive and return to a path of economic development," the activist said. The campaign against Ghalibaf underscores a remarkable political transformation. Once regarded as one of the Islamic Republic's most prominent security commanders, he now finds himself leading an effort to resolve one of Iran's gravest confrontations through diplomacy - and facing some of the fiercest resistance from within his own conservative camp. The shift also highlights one of the paradoxes of Ghalibaf's current position: the same figure who once stood on the side of the security establishment during clashes with reformists is now receiving support from that camp because of his efforts to pursue diplomacy with Washington. War on Iran Tehran News Post Date Override 0 Update Date Mon, 05/04/2020 - 21:19 Update Date Override 0

Military · Geopolitical

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The Promise of Ukraine’s Military-Industrial Complex

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By Andrew Ryvkin In 2022, when Russia invaded Ukraine, Kyiv had an outdated defense-industrial base that was unable to meet the demands of the conflict. In the first year of the war, it was almost entirely dependent on Western arms shipments. Though Ukraine still lacks the ability to produce many of the weapons it needs [… ] The post The Promise of Ukraine’s Military-Industrial Complex appeared first on Geopolitical Futures.

Military · Geopolitical

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Alarm sirens in Bahran sound again, residents urged to 'remain calm'

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Alarm sirens in Bahran sound again, residents urged to 'remain calm' Alarm sirens are sounding again in Bahrain, amid a fresh missile barrage fired from Iran. The country's Interior Ministry is urging residents to “to remain calm and head to the nearest safe place". This is the fourth time alarms have sounded in the Gulf kingdom in the last 24 hours, as Iran has fired several barrages of missiles and drones throughout Tuesday. Iran's IRGC claimed attacks on infrastructure belonging to US company Amazon and a military base.

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Israeli media says Turkey was ready to intervene over Kurdish incursion into Iran

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Israeli media says Turkey was ready to intervene over Kurdish incursion into Iran Submitted by Nadav Rapaport on Tue, 07/21/2026 - 08:37 Report says Ankara considered providing aerial support to Tehran, while Trump claims he urged Erdogan to stay out of the war Turkish Air Force aerobatic team Soloturk performs a demonstration flight over Istanbul's Sultanahmet Mosque, marking the 102nd anniversary of Victory Day in Istanbul on 30 August 2024 (Kemal Aslan/AFP) Off Israeli media has claimed that Turkey was prepared to provide Iran with aerial military support if Kurdish militias had invaded the country during the Israeli-US war on Iran earlier this year. According to a report published on Sunday by Israeli public broadcaster Kan 11, Ankara warned it would act to prevent a Kurdish incursion into Iran, derailing an Israeli-US plan drawn up months before the war began in February. Israeli sources told Kan 11 that Turkey came close to intervening in the conflict, with the option of providing Iran with aerial defence against Israeli and US air strikes under discussion. The report linked the claim to recent comments by US President Donald Trump, who has repeatedly said he discouraged Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan from entering the conflict. Speaking earlier this month at the Nato summit hosted by Erdogan in Ankara, Trump said Turkey "could have gotten into the fight", referring to the war with Iran. "Maybe they didn't do that because of me," he told reporters. It was not the first time Trump has suggested he prevented Erdogan, whom he has described as "my friend", from joining the conflict. Last month, Trump told reporters at the White House that the Turkish president "was a prime candidate to go into the war with Iran - maybe on the Iran side, because he's not a big fan of Israel". "I asked him to stay out. He stayed out," Trump added. Turkey-Israel tensions As the US and Iran exchanged strikes for a 10th consecutive day, tensions between Israel and Turkey also appeared to be escalating, with Israeli officials increasingly portraying Ankara as a growing threat to their national security. Israel's 'kill first' strategy is now aimed at Turkey. Will the region respond? Read More » Last month, Israel's i24News reported that Turkey thwarted the Israeli-US-backed Kurdish invasion of Iran, adding that Ankara's intervention derailed months of planning by the Mossad and the CIA. According to a recent investigation by The New York Times, the proposed Israeli-US plan to support a Kurdish incursion into Iran formed part of a broader effort to topple the government in Tehran. The report said the plan also envisaged reinstating former Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Turkey's reported role during the conflict is not Israel's only concern. Officials have also watched with unease the warm relationship between Erdogan, a vocal critic of Israel, and Trump, viewing it as a sign of Turkey's growing regional and international influence. Last week, the right-wing Israeli newspaper Makor Rishon warned that Turkey's influence "is no longer limited to the Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, but extends to the Horn of Africa, the Sahel and North Africa". It cited Ankara's military presence, economic investments and diplomatic initiatives as evidence of its expanding reach. On Monday, Kan 11 correspondents Roi Kais and Itay Blumental wrote on X that the "antisemitic" Erdogan was expanding Turkey's military and political influence in Egypt and Syria. They argued that Ankara was creating "a chokehold" around Israel. War on Iran News Post Date Override 0 Update Date Mon, 05/04/2020 - 21:19 Update Date Override 0

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Why are there sanctions on Iran and when could they be lifted?

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Why are there sanctions on Iran and when could they be lifted? Submitted by Daniel Tester on Fri, 07/17/2026 - 11:03 For nearly 50 years the West has targeted Tehran, citing its nuclear ambitions, links with armed groups and human rights abuses Two Iranian men exchange rials against US dollars at an exchange shop in Tehran in August 2018 (AFP) On US President Donald Trump has called for further sanctions against Tehran amid fresh US strikes on Iran. “Republicans should add Iran to the Russian Sanctions Bill,” Trump said on social media on Sunday, referencing a much-delayed bill that aims to target Moscow financially for its invasion of Ukraine, It’s but the latest move against Iran under one of the broadest sanction programmes imposed by the West worldwide. The embargo regime introduced by the US, plus the more limited measures imposed by the UN, EU and others, have resulted in massive restrictions on Iran’s ability to trade oil and access the international financial system, devastating its economy for years. The sanctions have been imposed for several reasons according to Washington and others, including Iran’s alleged development of nuclear weapons to its poor human rights record and support for regional groups such as Hamas and Hezbollah. Today, they are a key bargaining chip on the table in negotiations to end the US war on Iran, used by the US to pressure Tehran to scale back its nuclear programme. Here, Middle East Eye explains how the sanctions came about, and whether they could be lifted in the current negotiations. When did the US first impose sanctions imposed on Iran? Sanctions were first imposed on Iran by the US in November 1979 when Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran after the Iranian Revolution, taking 52 Americans hostage. The measures froze more than $8bn of Iranian assets held in US banks. This was extended in April 1980 to include a full ban on US imports of Iranian goods and services. In 1981 the sanctions were eased and most of the frozen assets returned under the Algiers Accords, which brought an end to the hostage crisis. But in 1984 the US reimposed an arms embargo, designating the Islamic Republic a “state sponsor of terror” amid the Iran-Iraq war. Sanctions were initially imposed on Iran by the US amid the hostage crisis of 1979 (left) and the attack on the US Martine barracks in Beirut in 1983 (right, AFP) The move came after the 1983 bombing of the American and French barracks in Beirut, which Washington linked to the Iran-backed armed group Hezbollah. US sanctions expanded in the coming decades amid growing fears about Iran developing nuclear weapons. In 1995, US President Bill Clinton passed executive orders placing a total ban on all US trade with and investment in Iran. He then passed the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act in 1996, which sanctioned foreign firms investing in Iran's energy sector. These sanctions, known as secondary sanctions, cut Iran off from much of the global oil trade. The sanctions were set to expire after five years, but the act has been continually renewed, although provisions on Libya have mostly been dropped. What about UN sanctions? The UN Security Council has also imposed more limited sanctions on Iran. The first of these came in 2006, after the International Atomic Energy Agency referred Iran to the UN Security Council over concerns about its uranium enrichment programme and its failure to cooperate fully with UN nuclear inspectors. The measures were expanded throughout the 2010s, although limited to an arms embargo and asset freezes against individuals and companies alleged to be involved in Iran’s nuclear programme. Unlike US sanctions, all countries are obliged to enforce UN measures under international law – but certain countries, such as Russia, have rejected several of the UN measures. Who else has imposed sanctions? In 2008, Iran was blacklisted by the Financial Action Task Force, the international agency principally backed by western states that targets money laundering and terrorist financing. The move further hurt Iran’s access to the international financial system and caused problems for businesses wanting to trade with Iran. Today, it is one of just three states on the list, alongside Myanmar and North Korea. In 2012, the Swift payment transfer system, which is used by banks for international transactions, cut off Iranian access amid pressure from the US, financially isolating it still further. The EU introduced its own sanctions against Iran that same year amid concerns about its nuclear programme, embargoing oil exports and freezing assets held in European banks. The EU had previously been the largest recipient of Iranian oil. Since then, the EU has deepened sanctions over human rights abuses in Iran during the 2022 and 2026 anti-government protests, and over Iran’s ties with Russia amid its invasion of Ukraine. Why were many sanctions axed in 2016? Most nuclear-related US, UN and EU sanctions were gradually lifted under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), an agreement between Iran and the US, UK, France, Germany, Russia, China and the EU which began to come into effect in January 2016. It was signed after years of negotiations to limit Iran’s nuclear program led by the US during the Obama administration. Under the deal, Iran agreed to limit its uranium enrichment and allow international nuclear inspections, primarily in exchange for relief from sanctions. Iranians celebrate in Tehran amid the nuclear deal struck in Vienna in July 2015 which potentially would see an end to sanctions (AFP) The JCPOA marked the biggest diplomatic breakthrough between Iran and the West in decades, returning tens of billions of dollars of frozen assets to Iran and restarting Iranian oil exports. But the deal unravelled when US President Donald Trump withdrew in May 2018 and reintroduced wide-ranging US sanctions on Iran. Washington said that the deal, which had been negotiated by the previous Democrat administration, would still allow Iran to develop a nuclear weapon, and that failure to act would prompt a “nuclear arms race in the Middle East”. Iran responded by increasing uranium enrichment beyond the limits set out in the deal. In 2020, despite having already quit the treaty, the US attempted to initiate a “snapback” mechanism that would maintain some UN sanctions on Iran that were set to expire under the JCPOA. The move was rejected by the other signatories of the treaty – the UK, France, Germany, China and Russia – as unlawful, and the UN sanctions were lifted that year. But then, in August 2025, France, Germany and the UK changed their position amid fears about Iran’s growing uranium stockpile, triggering the snapback mechanism to reimpose UN sanctions on Iran despite opposition from China and Russia. The UK introduced its own sanctions on Iran in 2023, after Brexit meant that it was no longer bound by EU measures that primarily target individuals and companies that London alleges are involved in “ hostile activities in the UK and around the world ”. Foremost among these was the Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), the powerful hardline military organisation that has extensive political influence in the country and is deeply embedded in the Iranian establishment and wider society. What has been the effect of the sanctions? Iran’s economy has been devastated by the sanction regimes of the past half century, and has been largely cut off from global energy trade, despite being a major oil and gas producer. To get around these, it exports discounted oil on the black market through a “shadow fleet” of aging shipping tankers, principally to China. The US and EU measures also mean that Iran is effectively cut off from the international financial system. Humanitarian goods such as food and medicine are generally exempt from sanctions under international law. But banks and shipping companies often avoid handling such transactions because of the legal and compliance risks. In Iran, this has caused massive inflation which contributed to the discontent and widespread protests in January 2026. Which sanctions might get lifted in the near future? Israel and the US attacked Iran in late February, with the two sides still engaged in hostilities. For Tehran, sanctions relief has been a major aim during negotiations to end the war, and was at the heart of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed on 17 June. The MoU also stated that the US will “terminate all types of sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the United Nations Security Council resolutions, IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency] Board of Governors resolutions, and all unilateral US sanctions, primary and secondary, in an agreed upon schedule as part of the final deal”. It added that the US would “undertake” to release Iran’s frozen assets, held in banks around the world. Iranian lead negotiator Mohammad Ghalibaf said on 22 June that a deal had been reached to free $12bn in frozen Iranian funds. A smoke plume rises following a missile strike on a building in Tehran in March 2026 amid US and Israeli attacks on the country (AFP) T rump later said that this money would be released on condition that it be used “to buy food, and the food’s going to be bought exclusively through the United States from our farmers,” a claim that Iran dismissed. The US issued a 60-day waiver on sanctions of Iranian oil exports on 22 June in line with the agreement. All of this was negotiated in exchange for Iran placing limits on its uranium enrichment, and reopening the strategic Strait of Hormuz waterway. But the MoU has since frayed, with the US cancelling its sanctions waiver amid renewed attacks from both sides and statements from Trump saying the ceasefire is “over”. Meanwhile, the US has hit Iran with further sanctions and resumed its military blockade of Iranian ports, designed to thwart covert exports of Iranian oil. What will it take to lift sanctions? Even if a settlement is reached to end the war, an end to US-imposed sanctions still faces several issues. The first is domestic, with many of the sanctions imposed through acts of Congress. That means they will require congressional approval to be overturned, including majority agreement from both the Senate and the House of Representatives. But many members of Congress are hawkish on Iran, and have previously opposed sanction-ending deals. A second problem is the status of the IRGC, which is proscribed as a terrorist organisation by the US, EU and, since 13 July, the UK. As a result, even if sanctions are lifted, businesses could still face other legal restrictions on trading with entities deemed IRGC affiliates. Members of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) during a military parade in Tehran in September 2019 (AFP/Iranian Presidency handout) Thirdly, liftng UN sanctions will require approval from all five permanent members of the Security Council. Of these, China and Russia have long been open to the idea of ending sanctions; the biggest challenge is approval from the US, UK and France. The EU, meanwhile, has signalled that it is open to lifting sanctions related to Iran’s nuclear programme if Tehran gives evidence that it has curbed its uranium enrichment. But removing EU sanctions requires the unanimous consent of all 27 member states, and Kaja Kallas, the EU’s top diplomat, implied on 19 June that sanctions imposed due to Iran’s human rights record could remain in place. Brussels imposed further measures following the Islamic Republic’s crackdown in January 2026. War on Iran Explainers Post Date Override 0 Update Date Mon, 05/04/2020 - 21:29 Update Date Override 0

Military · Geopolitical

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How to stop US-Iran conflict from becoming endless war

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How to stop US-Iran conflict from becoming endless war Submitted by Seyed Hossein Mousavian on Mon, 07/20/2026 - 16:16 The only credible path forward lies in diplomacy, which must focus on reopening the Strait of Hormuz and securing a nuclear agreement People walk past a mural that depicts missiles hitting an aircraft carrier, amid the US-Israeli war on Iran, in Tehran on 26 May 2026 (Atta Kenare/AFP) Off The 14-point memorandum of understanding signed between Iran and the US in June appeared to offer the most significant diplomatic opening between the two countries since 1979. Yet before confidence-building measures could take hold, renewed military confrontation overwhelmed diplomacy. US President Donald Trump’s Iran deal collapsed, leaving Washington with few good options. Over the past two weeks, clashes between the US and Iran have disrupted maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz, through which more than 20 percent of global oil and gas shipments typically pass, contributing to renewed volatility in energy markets. Oil prices surged on Friday, with Brent crude reaching more than $88 a barrel, posting gains of over 16 percent to hit its highest level in more than a month. The fighting has also expanded now beyond direct US-Iran exchanges, highlighting the growing risk of a wider regional conflict. The apparent shift in US strategy suggests a transition from seeking a rapid military victory, to pursuing a prolonged campaign of attrition - one designed to weaken Iran’s military capabilities, logistics, economic resilience, and domestic cohesion over time. The US recently reimposed its blockade of Iranian ports in the Strait of Hormuz, in a move aiming to dismantle the Iranian economy. As the strategic focus moves towards the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, Washington appears to be emphasising sustained military pressure, maritime disruption, and enhanced protection of its regional forces, while allowing Israel time to rebuild its military capabilities. Evolving campaign Trump’s recent statements about the US potentially “taking over” Kharg Island, together with reports that American and Israeli planners have considered supporting cross-border operations by Kurdish armed groups, suggest that their future strategy may increasingly combine conventional military pressure with efforts to disrupt Iran’s critical energy infrastructure, while exploiting security vulnerabilities along its western and southeastern borders. In response to the evolving US campaign, Iran appears to be adopting a broader strategy aimed at mobilising the nation, while raising the military, economic and political costs of prolonged confrontation. In March, Iran announced the mobilisation of one million fighters to counter what it described as a “suicidal” US ground war on Iranian soil, with a particular focus on defending the strategic Kharg Island, which handles around 90 percent of the nation’s oil exports. Three successive rounds of war... have produced enormous human and financial losses, without delivering a decisive victory for any side At the regional level, Iran may seek to expand pressure through its partners, including the Houthis, whose potential disruption of shipping through the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, together with continued risks to navigation in the Strait of Hormuz, could increase the economic costs of the conflict. On Monday, the Houthis declared a naval embargo against Saudi Arabia. As tensions boiled over, Iran said it had hit US bases, aircraft and radar systems in Kuwait, Oman, Syria, Jordan, Bahrain and Qatar. And after Trump said in June that he had spoken with Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa about the possibility of Syria taking on Iran-backed Hezbollah in Lebanon, Iran last week said it had targeted an American command centre in Syria’s al-Tanf, in retaliation for US strikes. A central element of Iran’s approach is the regionalisation and internationalisation of the costs of war. Tehran seeks to signal that states providing bases, infrastructure and operational support for US military actions cannot remain insulated from the consequences of the conflict. An Iranian army spokesperson recently warned that if US strikes persist, “the war will be dragged into new arenas”. War of attrition Although the broader confrontation was fuelled by the long-running conflict between Israel and Iran, the latest phase has primarily evolved into a direct military clash between Iran and the US. The principal strategic and economic costs are now being borne by Iran, the US, regional Arab states, and the international economy, through higher energy prices and maritime instability. Three successive rounds of war over the course of a little more than a year have produced enormous human and financial losses, without delivering a decisive victory for any side. This suggests that the conflict has become a classic war of attrition. Amid this backdrop, recent remarks by US Vice President JD Vance during an interview with podcaster Joe Rogan, published last week, deserve careful attention. He argued that the US has no strategic interest in an endless war with Iran, and that diplomacy remains the only sustainable solution. Perhaps the most striking aspect of Vance’s interview was his assertion that certain elements within the Israeli government actively sought to derail US-Iran negotiations, preferring to extend the military campaign “indefinitely” by supporting a well-funded influence effort aimed at weakening public support for talks. Vance said American policymakers must ultimately base their decisions on US national interests, rather than external political pressures, noting that the two issues central to achieving a durable peace include reopening the Strait of Hormuz to guarantee freedom of navigation, and securing a negotiated agreement to ensure that Iran does not acquire a nuclear weapon. His public defence of diplomacy, along with his criticism of efforts to derail negotiations and his warning against another prolonged Middle Eastern war, underscore the urgency of launching an immediate diplomatic initiative focused on these priorities. The real choice Firstly, a new regional maritime framework should recognise that the Strait of Hormuz lies within the territorial waters of Iran and Oman. These two states should assume the primary responsibility for navigational safety under international law, while a broader agreement among Arab Gulf states, the US and Iran guarantees freedom of navigation. Iran and Oman could receive reasonable service fees for maritime safety and navigation assistance, without making such services compulsory. To ensure its durability, international legitimacy and legal enforceability, any framework should be endorsed by a United Nations Security Council resolution. Secondly, Washington and Tehran should negotiate a permanent bilateral nuclear agreement based on the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Under such a deal, Iran could permanently renounce nuclear weapons under comprehensive International Atomic Energy Agency verification, while the US could permanently remove nuclear-related sanctions and recognise Iran’s right to peaceful nuclear technology. Why the US-Iran escalation over Hormuz will not be the last Read More » Unlike the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, this agreement should be ratified by both the US Congress and the Iranian parliament. Neither Washington nor Tehran is likely to force the other into submission. The real choice is between perpetual war and sustainable diplomacy. Washington and Tehran should revive direct dialogue, including a new meeting between Vance and Iranian parliamentary speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, to restore diplomatic momentum and finalise agreements on Hormuz and the nuclear issue. The most credible and legitimate basis for any settlement is the freely expressed will of the peoples of both countries. Both governments should respond to the preferences of their own publics: polls shows that Americans broadly disapprove of the war, which has become even more unpopular than Vietnam, while Iranians want “security without permanent confrontation, reform without revolution, sovereignty without isolation, and diplomacy without surrender”. The views expressed in this article belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Middle East Eye. War on Iran Opinion Post Date Override 0 Update Date Mon, 05/04/2020 - 21:29 Update Date Override 0

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Lebanese army deploys in southern town after Israeli withdrawal, official says

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Lebanese army deploys in southern town after Israeli withdrawal, official says In line with the US brokered Israeli-Lebanese deal, a Lebanese official said the country's army troops began deploying south of Lebanon in the town of Zawtar al-Gharbiyeh early on Tuesday after Israeli forces withdrew from the area.

Military · Geopolitical

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Morning update

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Morning update Good morning Middle East Eye readers, Here are some of the latest developments across the region: The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) it struck more US military targets in Kuwait, Jordan and Bahrain, state news agency IRNA reported. This includes a central data infrastructure of the American company Amazon in Bahrain, which the IRGC said it attacked with several cruise missiles. The US State Department issued an alert urging its citizens around the world to "exercise increased caution", amid its war on Iran. It warned Americans of the increased possibility of attacks targeting US diplomatic facilities "or at locations associated with the United States and Americans throughout the world. " UK Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO) said on Monday that it received multiple reports that a tanker has been struck by an unknown projectile in the Strait of Hormuz. The incident reportedly occurred eight nautical miles north east of Oman's Limah. Hamas has elected Khalil al-Hayya as the new head of its political bureau, placing one of the movement’s most experienced negotiators at the centre of its leadership as Gaza continues to face what the group describes as Israel’s genocide. The United Nations said that it is concerned about Houthi threats to impose a "maritime embargo" on Saudi Arabia, which could potentially trigger a fresh surge in crude oil prices, disrupt fuel supplies and have further ramifications on the global economy.

Military · Geopolitical

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Japan says Chinese and Russian warships held live-fire drills within its EEZ

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Chinese and Russian navy ships were spotted conducting joint live-fire drills within Japan’s claimed exclusive economic zone in the Pacific Ocean on Sunday, its defence ministry said. Japanese Defence Minister Shinjiro Koizumi first revealed that the two navies had held drills in Japan’s EEZ during an address to the Farnborough International Airshow in Britain on Monday, highlighting their deepening military cooperation, according to media reports. Japan’s defence ministry later confirmed that...

Military · Geopolitical

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South Korea defence minister faces fresh accusations of army desertion over 40 years ago

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Questions surrounding South Korean Defence Minister Ahn Gyu-back’s military service have resurfaced, with the government and his accuser offering conflicting accounts of what happened more than four decades ago. At the centre of the dispute is a gap in Ahn’s military record. His record shows he began mandatory service on November 5, 1983, and was discharged on August 31, 1985, amounting to roughly 22 months. Territorial defence soldiers at the time normally served for 14 months. His accuser...

Military · Geopolitical

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US, Iran widen attacks as Iran receives proposals from mediators

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The United States and Iran continued to exchange strikes across the Middle East on Monday, with both sides expanding attacks against each other's targets in the region. While military confrontation intensified, Tehran said diplomatic channels remained active, confirming it had received proposals from mediators regarding a possible ceasefire and the resumption of negotiations.

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